{
  "run": "003-america-pays-most",
  "as_of": "2026-07-13",
  "reference_year": 2022,
  "y": "life expectancy at birth (years)",
  "x": "log10(health spending per capita, US$ PPP)",
  "n_countries": 38,
  "peer_trend_ex_us": {
    "n": 37,
    "slope_yr_per_decade": 8.92,
    "yr_per_doubling": 2.68,
    "slope_ci95": [
      6.03,
      11.8
    ],
    "intercept": 48.44,
    "r2": 0.529,
    "p": 3.464808445785096e-07,
    "y_sd": 2.65,
    "resid_sd": 1.84
  },
  "us": {
    "spend": 12555,
    "life_exp": 77.5,
    "predicted_by_peer_trend": 85.0,
    "residual_yr": -7.5,
    "spend_rank": 1,
    "life_exp_rank": 31,
    "residual_rank_worst": 1
  },
  "next_worst_residual": {
    "country": "Latvia",
    "resid_yr": -3.6,
    "spend": 2300
  },
  "ceiling": {
    "country": "Japan",
    "life_exp": 84.0
  },
  "saturation_above_5k_r2": 0.055,
  "saturation_below_5k_slope": 11.4,
  "countries_outliving_us_for_less": 30,
  "rows": [
    {
      "country": "United States",
      "code": "USA",
      "spend": 12555,
      "life_exp": 77.5,
      "resid": -7.5
    },
    {
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "code": "CHE",
      "spend": 8049,
      "life_exp": 83.9,
      "resid": 0.6
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "code": "NOR",
      "spend": 8043,
      "life_exp": 83.2,
      "resid": -0.1
    },
    {
      "country": "Germany",
      "code": "DEU",
      "spend": 8011,
      "life_exp": 80.6,
      "resid": -2.6
    },
    {
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "code": "NLD",
      "spend": 6729,
      "life_exp": 81.7,
      "resid": -0.9
    },
    {
      "country": "Austria",
      "code": "AUT",
      "spend": 6693,
      "life_exp": 81.1,
      "resid": -1.4
    },
    {
      "country": "Belgium",
      "code": "BEL",
      "spend": 6600,
      "life_exp": 81.9,
      "resid": -0.6
    },
    {
      "country": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "spend": 6517,
      "life_exp": 82.3,
      "resid": -0.1
    },
    {
      "country": "Sweden",
      "code": "SWE",
      "spend": 6438,
      "life_exp": 83.1,
      "resid": 0.7
    },
    {
      "country": "Canada",
      "code": "CAN",
      "spend": 6319,
      "life_exp": 82.6,
      "resid": 0.3
    },
    {
      "country": "Denmark",
      "code": "DNK",
      "spend": 6280,
      "life_exp": 81.3,
      "resid": -1.0
    },
    {
      "country": "Australia",
      "code": "AUS",
      "spend": 6235,
      "life_exp": 83.3,
      "resid": 1.0
    },
    {
      "country": "Ireland",
      "code": "IRL",
      "spend": 6047,
      "life_exp": 82.4,
      "resid": 0.2
    },
    {
      "country": "Luxembourg",
      "code": "LUX",
      "spend": 5980,
      "life_exp": 83.0,
      "resid": 0.9
    },
    {
      "country": "Iceland",
      "code": "ISL",
      "spend": 5800,
      "life_exp": 83.2,
      "resid": 1.2
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "code": "GBR",
      "spend": 5493,
      "life_exp": 80.4,
      "resid": -1.4
    },
    {
      "country": "Finland",
      "code": "FIN",
      "spend": 5400,
      "life_exp": 81.1,
      "resid": -0.6
    },
    {
      "country": "Japan",
      "code": "JPN",
      "spend": 4899,
      "life_exp": 84.0,
      "resid": 2.7
    },
    {
      "country": "New Zealand",
      "code": "NZL",
      "spend": 4600,
      "life_exp": 82.5,
      "resid": 1.4
    },
    {
      "country": "Korea",
      "code": "KOR",
      "spend": 4570,
      "life_exp": 82.7,
      "resid": 1.6
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "code": "ESP",
      "spend": 4432,
      "life_exp": 83.2,
      "resid": 2.3
    },
    {
      "country": "Italy",
      "code": "ITA",
      "spend": 4291,
      "life_exp": 83.0,
      "resid": 2.2
    },
    {
      "country": "Czechia",
      "code": "CZE",
      "spend": 4119,
      "life_exp": 79.1,
      "resid": -1.6
    },
    {
      "country": "Slovenia",
      "code": "SVN",
      "spend": 3700,
      "life_exp": 81.3,
      "resid": 1.0
    },
    {
      "country": "Portugal",
      "code": "PRT",
      "spend": 3700,
      "life_exp": 81.5,
      "resid": 1.2
    },
    {
      "country": "Israel",
      "code": "ISR",
      "spend": 3600,
      "life_exp": 82.8,
      "resid": 2.7
    },
    {
      "country": "Estonia",
      "code": "EST",
      "spend": 3200,
      "life_exp": 78.0,
      "resid": -1.7
    },
    {
      "country": "Lithuania",
      "code": "LTU",
      "spend": 3000,
      "life_exp": 76.0,
      "resid": -3.4
    },
    {
      "country": "Poland",
      "code": "POL",
      "spend": 2973,
      "life_exp": 76.5,
      "resid": -2.9
    },
    {
      "country": "Greece",
      "code": "GRC",
      "spend": 2900,
      "life_exp": 80.7,
      "resid": 1.4
    },
    {
      "country": "Hungary",
      "code": "HUN",
      "spend": 2800,
      "life_exp": 76.2,
      "resid": -3.0
    },
    {
      "country": "Slovak Republic",
      "code": "SVK",
      "spend": 2800,
      "life_exp": 77.0,
      "resid": -2.2
    },
    {
      "country": "Chile",
      "code": "CHL",
      "spend": 2600,
      "life_exp": 80.2,
      "resid": 1.3
    },
    {
      "country": "Latvia",
      "code": "LVA",
      "spend": 2300,
      "life_exp": 74.8,
      "resid": -3.6
    },
    {
      "country": "Costa Rica",
      "code": "CRI",
      "spend": 1700,
      "life_exp": 80.3,
      "resid": 3.1
    },
    {
      "country": "Colombia",
      "code": "COL",
      "spend": 1600,
      "life_exp": 77.5,
      "resid": 0.5
    },
    {
      "country": "Turkey",
      "code": "TUR",
      "spend": 1500,
      "life_exp": 78.6,
      "resid": 1.8
    },
    {
      "country": "Mexico",
      "code": "MEX",
      "spend": 1300,
      "life_exp": 75.1,
      "resid": -1.1
    }
  ]
}